This speaker, standing in a striking New Zealand landscape, discusses how a country's success hinges on its population's age structure, particularly the balance between working-age adults who consume and older adults who invest. While many developed nations face declining birth rates and are running out of working-age people, countries like New Zealand, France, and the United States have younger populations with a chance for "demographic rehabilitation." The most effective way to encourage higher birth rates is not direct financial incentives but by making it financially easy to have children, primarily through affordable and accessible childcare, allowing both parents to remain in the workforce. Additionally, having enough physical space is crucial for raising children, a luxury that is abundant in places like New Zealand.